Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches
type: channel
description: Peer-reviewed academic journal under the auspices of the Ibn Al-Arabi Center for Culture and Publishing, from occupied Palestine welcomes you and invites you to publish through its pages.
publisher: مركز ابن العربي للثقافة والنشر
language: en
publication name: Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches
issn: 2789-7834
items: Sadness and its motives for Amal Dunqul - study and analysis
items: The impact of extremism on political stability in Iraq after the events of 2014
items: The role of transformational leadership in improving the performance of school administration in Jordan
items: The Contribution of Linguistics to Understanding Human Societies
items: The Stranger and the System of Tribal Values in Pre-Islamic Poetry: A Cultural Study
items: Nuclear Iran: A Simple Metaphor Analysis of Biden’s Discourse (2021–2023)
items: تحديات تطبيقات معالجة اللغة الطبيعية في المحاسبة
items: The Role of External Auditing in Improving the Efficiency of Risk Evaluation and Management in Sudanese Insurance Firms
items: The Authority of the Arbitral Award in the Yemeni Arbitration Law: Comparative Analytical Study
items: The Impact of Economic and Social Factors on Fertility in Rural Communities: An Applied Study of Sheikan Locality, North Kordofan State – Sudan
items: Professional Mobility in Light of Islamic Education: An Analytical Study
items: إشكالية القواعد القانونية بين الرقابة القبلية والرقابة البعدية: دراسة مقارنة في القضاء الدستوري المغربي والفرنسي
items: Phonology in Arabic between Qur'anic Orientation and Phonetic Analysis: An Analytical Study of the Hamzah Phenomenon through Ibn Abi Maryam's Book Al-Muwaddih fi Wujuh al-Qira'at wa 'Ilaliha
items: The Jews, Imam Ali, and Their Relationship with the Messenger: Between Ibn Hisham's Narration and Karen Armstrong's Reading
items: Digital Isolation and Its Impact on the Social and Psychological Development of Learners in the Era of Smart Education
items: Family Disintegration and Its Impact on the Local Community in Sudan: A Field Study in En Nahud City
items: The Effect of Repetition on the Cohesion of the Verses of al-Adhwāʾ and al-Dhawāt in the Holy Qur’an
items: Cultural Transformations and Implicit Patterns: Selected Examples from the Poetry of Abu Nuwas
items: The Role of Distance Learning Platforms in Improving Access to Education in Remote Areas
items: The Interactive Cultural Diversity Component in Brussels Schools: A Moroccan Cultural Diplomacy Mechanism in Belgium and a Mirror of Morocco's Moderation and Centrism
items: Characteristics of Educational Grammar in the Works of Omani Grammarians in Terms of Content, Level, and Style
items: The Narrative Structure of Contemporary Arab Women’s Travel Discourse: An Analytical Study
items: Argument and explanation in the jurisprudential choices by Imam Yahya Bin Hamza (Purity and Prayer as an example)
items: Self-Esteem and Psychological Stress Among Fathers and Mothers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
items: Women’s Marginalization and Representations of the Patriarchal System in the Arabic Novel after 2010: “Intellectual Confiscation” as a Model – A Socio-Cultural Study
items: Structural Transformations of the Sudanese State under International and Regional Competition: A Critical Political Economy Approach from the Frankfurt School Perspective
items: Science Translates Our Lives – Epistemic and Social Transformations in the Digital Age: An Analytical Study of the Scientific Translation Revolution and Its Existential Implications
items: The intelligence arising from strategic thinking patterns for building a sustainable Libya
items: Professional competencies in technical education and vocational training to keep pace with technological development and achieve sustainable development in Libya
items: Criminal liability for the crime of providing an incorrect medical certificate (comparative study)

Sadness and its motives for Amal Dunqul - study and analysis
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description: This research comes to study the subject of sadness in the poetic works of the poet Amal Dunqul. The texts that carried sadness among its folds, as we linked sadness and the presence of women in the texts, sadness and death, sadness and the diaries of life. Among the most important findings of the research, is that the poet employed sadness in important concepts related to man, his destiny and what he will meet in his unknown future.
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creator: Muhammad Jaber Mazal AlMubarak
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-07-01
publication date: 2022-07-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i7.263

The impact of extremism on political stability in Iraq after the events of 2014
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description: This research deals with the study of extremism and its impact on political stability. After the change of the political system in 2003, Iraq witnessed a large and wide escalation of violence at various levels, which led to the growth of extremism of all kinds (religious extremism, political extremism, ideological extremism...). As a result of the failure of the state’s general policies to provide real solutions or solutions to the problems that the country suffers from, anxiety, instability, fear of the present and lack of confidence in the future have become the driving concerns of individuals and society. Which destroys political stability, and this in turn has created a suitable environment for the growth of extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda, ISIS and its sisters. In 2014, ISIS took control of a third of the area of ​​Iraq (Mosul, Salah al-Din, Anbar, and large areas of Diyala), and the crimes committed by extremist groups are only the beginning of the stage of extremism as it continues on its current path. We have used the systemic analytical approach to analyze the repercussions of extremism on political stability, and follow these ideas in detail, through an introduction, a set of demands, and the conclusion and results of this research, through which we concluded that Iraq has suffered from extremism and its negative setbacks at all levels (political, security, economic, social).
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creator: Saad Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-07-21
publication date: 2023-07-21
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i4.515

The role of transformational leadership in improving the performance of school administration in Jordan
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description: The study aimed to identify the role of transformational leadership in improving the performance of school administration in Jordan, by relying on studies and research related to the subject, in addition to conducting several personal interviews with teachers in a school in which the researcher works. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: It is related to transformational leadership in the educational field from several aspects, especially with regard to solving the problems faced by teachers, helping the school work team to develop and forming a professional culture, and enhancing teachers’ motivation. Dimensions, he ideally affects his followers, enjoys inspirational motivation, that is, he inspires them, provokes their minds and motivates them to think, provides incentive rewards, contributes to empowering his subordinates, and takes into account the individual and personal issues of his subordinates. The study recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: There is an urgent need to enhance the various leadership skills of school workers, including teachers and administrators, with a focus on transformational leadership that contributes to generating new leaders.
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creator: ديما المبيضين
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-07-20
publication date: 2023-07-20
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i4.513

The Contribution of Linguistics to Understanding Human Societies
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description: This study presents a comprehensive exploration of linguistics as a multidisciplinary science, tracing its development from traditional structural analysis to its vital role in understanding complex social phenomena. The research is organized into three main chapters. The first chapter establishes the theoretical frameworks by defining linguistics, its historical development, and its main branches, with particular focus on sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, and psycholinguistics. This chapter also examines language as a social system, analyzing its profound effects on identity formation and cultural expression. The second chapter delves into the dynamic interaction between language and social structures, investigating essential topics such as language as a cultural carrier, linguistic relativity, social class, gender differences, and the exercise of power through discourse, with special reference to the sociolinguistic landscape of Iraq and dialectal diversity. The final chapter addresses the role of linguistics in analyzing social behavior, assessing the profound impacts of globalization and artificial intelligence on linguistic diversity, and applying linguistic insights to solve real-world social problems, including inequality, migration, and educational policy. The study concludes that linguistics is an indispensable critical tool for deciphering societal mechanisms and advocating for linguistic justice in an era characterized by accelerated technological and cultural change, affirming the urgent need to preserve linguistic diversity as an essential component of human heritage.
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creator: Lina Mohammed Ameen Darwesh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1948

The Stranger and the System of Tribal Values in Pre-Islamic Poetry: A Cultural Study
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description: This study examines the phenomenon of the "strange" (or uncanny) in tribal relations within pre-Islamic (Jahili) society from a cultural perspective, as a manifestation of the strangeness of behavior, rituals, and symbolic representations that governed tribal life. It proceeds from the hypothesis that tribal relations were not merely social systems, but rather a cultural structure that reshaped concepts of honor, identity, and collective existence through practices of an eccentric or bizarre nature. The research focuses on blood revenge (thar), alliance (hilf), clientage (muwālāt), tribal pride (fakhr), and the role of women in incitement, while analyzing rituals such as the rejection of blood money (diya), the legend of the "Hāmah" (the soul/owl of the slain), and the alliances of blood and fire. The study reveals that these practices represent cultural manifestations expressing the group's anxiety over its survival, transforming tribal values into symbolic rituals charged with sanctification and exaggeration. The study relies on the analysis of poetic texts and traditional narratives (akhbār) to uncover the symbolic connotations of strange imagery in pre-Islamic poetry. It concludes that the "strange" in tribal relations was not merely an aesthetic element, but a means of consolidating the tribe's authority and the values of group solidarity ('aṣabiyyah) and honor in the collective consciousness. The study recommends expanding research into the representations of the "strange" in pre-Islamic culture and linking them to the social and symbolic structures that shaped the Arab tribal consciousness.
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creator: Ameer Ahmed Hamid
creator: Asmaa Muhammad Sahib
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1963

Nuclear Iran: A Simple Metaphor Analysis of Biden’s Discourse (2021–2023)
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description: PDA consider as an important way to form common thoughtful of universal conflicts. One of the most powerful linguistic elements applied by political leaders is metaphor. Metaphors helps speakers to show unlimited political issues in easier and sensitively significant techniques. This research presents the metaphors used by US president Joe Biden when he talks about Iran and its nuclear program among 2021 and 2023. Both theories are applied in this research conceptual metaphor theory and elements of CDA to show how language presents Iran as a devil. Facts were gathered from official White House transcripts and public provided by Joe Biden. The data analysis presents that Joe Biden’s conferences often use metaphors belong to guardianship, containment, conflict prevention, and defense. These utterances present Iran as a possible danger while at the same time showing US as a guardian of universal security. The results show that metaphor do an important role in communication and political strategic mood. The data donates to research on political linguistics by presenting how metaphor effects international political narratives.
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creator: Abbas Jasim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1964

تحديات تطبيقات معالجة اللغة الطبيعية في المحاسبة
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description: The study aimed to identify the challenges of relying on natural language processing applications in accounting. This research addresses a set of challenges, focusing on the technical challenges that hinder the use of these technologies in accounting processes, the human factors that reduce the effectiveness of these technologies, and the reliability of the results derived from their use. The study adopted a descriptive approach, reviewing the literature and previous studies that addressed the topic, identifying shortcomings and their implications, and attempting to provide a set of recommendations related to the possibility of addressing these challenges to increase the effectiveness of these applications in accounting software. It also explores strategies for overcoming them and ensuring the effective and safe use of accounting technologies. Based on Develop specialized natural language processing (NLP) models tailored to the accounting domain, trained on real and diverse financial data sets to minimize errors and enhance analytical accuracy in financial contexts. Create intelligent financial dictionaries for NLP systems, encompassing comprehensive accounting terminology and related legislation, with continuous updates to reflect evolving financial standards and regulatory frameworks. Improve the quality of financial textual data by adopting Optical Character Recognition (OCR) techniques and applying structured formatting methods, making the data more suitable for automated analysis.
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creator: Hanan Fouad Mahmoud Ewis
creator: Aza Azlina Md. Kassim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1958

The Role of External Auditing in Improving the Efficiency of Risk Evaluation and Management in Sudanese Insurance Firms
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description: The study addressed the role of external audit in assessing and managing risks in Sudanese insurance companies during the year 2025. The study aimed to identify the contribution of external audit in identifying, assessing, and managing the risks faced by insurance companies. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 60 individuals from insurance companies, achieving a 100% response rate. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The results showed that following external audit procedures contributes to identifying risks, that external audit relies on official and unofficial documents in risk assessment, and that it contributes to taking preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of risk occurrence. The study accepted the three hypotheses: that external audit contributes to identifying, assessing, and managing risks. The study recommended the necessity of a regulatory system to evaluate company performance and reduce risks, the importance of qualifying the external auditor, and the need for the external auditor to pay attention to continuous auditing to reduce the likelihood of fraud or forgery.
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creator: Sondous Abdalaziz Alshami Mohammed
creator: Mobark Hamid Elzein Elkhidir
creator: Abdelaziz Mohammed Taher Ahmed
creator: Abdelrahim Mahgoub Ahmed Mohammeds
creator: Rehab ALhaj Mohammed Noor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1932

The Authority of the Arbitral Award in the Yemeni Arbitration Law: Comparative Analytical Study
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description: The study aimed to analyze the res judicata of the arbitral award in light of the rules of the Yemeni Arbitration Law, in comparison with the Egyptian Arbitration Law, and the established jurisprudential opinions and judicial applications. As a prelude to that, it is necessary to clarify the nature of res judicata, the nature of the arbitral award, and then to examine the extent to which the arbitral award possesses res judicata under the Yemeni Arbitration Law, the conditions for its possession of res judicata, its scope, and its effect. The problem of the study is centered on the extent to which arbitral awards enjoy res judicata, what are its conditions, scope, and effect. Therefore, the study adopted the analytical and comparative approach to examine the subject, in order to reach the most important findings and recommendations to achieve the study's objectives. The study reached a set of findings, the most prominent of which are: that res judicata is a conclusive legal presumption that cannot be rebutted (Article 159 of the Yemeni Evidence Law, 101 of the Egyptian Evidence Law), and procedural jurisprudence defines it as that which has been decided cannot be raised again to protect the stability of positions and avoid contradiction. Furthermore, the scope of res judicata, substantively, is determined by the arbitration agreement and what has been decided therein, and personally, is limited to the parties and successors according to general rules, not as a direct extension of res judicata. The study also recommended a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the necessity of considering the plea of res judicata of the arbitral award as pertaining to public policy in both the Yemeni and Egyptian Arbitration Laws, for the stability of transactions and to obligate the judge to apply it without discretion.
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creator: Ahmed Hamoud Hassan Alquzahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1904

The Impact of Economic and Social Factors on Fertility in Rural Communities: An Applied Study of Sheikan Locality, North Kordofan State – Sudan
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description: This study aimed to analyze the economic and social factors affecting fertility rates in rural communities in Shikan locality, within the framework of understanding the structural interaction between these factors and their impact on reproductive behavior. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and used quantitative tools represented by a questionnaire, in addition to statistical analysis that included correlation coefficients and multiple regression. The results showed that the fertility level in the studied community is relatively high, with the average number of children per family reaching (6.8). The study also revealed a statistically significant inverse relationship between education level and income on the one hand, and fertility level on the other hand, while a direct relationship was found between early marriage and traditional social values and higher birth rates. The results of the regression model indicated that social factors, especially cultural values and education level, represent the most influential determinant of fertility compared to economic factors, which often operate indirectly by reinforcing the traditional social context. The study also confirmed that early marriage extends the reproductive period, leading to an increase in the number of children. The study concluded that fertility in rural communities in Shikan locality is not the result of a single factor, but rather the outcome of a complex interaction between economic, social, and cultural factors, which requires adopting integrated policies focusing on education, women’s empowerment, improving economic conditions, and enhancing awareness of reproductive health.
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creator: Asha Abdelbagi Eldisogi Eldisogi
creator: Abd Elaziz Elamin Elsheikh
creator: مصطفى الرضي أحمد
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1908

Professional Mobility in Light of Islamic Education: An Analytical Study
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description: This study examines professional mobility in light of Islamic education, defining it as the individual's transition between levels or job positions (vertically or horizontally) in response to social, economic, and technological changes. The study aims to identify the concept of professional mobility, explain its importance and objectives, and uncover the controls and values that regulate it from the perspective of Islamic education. The researcher adopted the descriptive method by analyzing the literature, concepts, and theories related to professional mobility, as well as extrapolating Islamic legal and educational texts. The study reached a number of findings, most notably that professional mobility in Islamic education is based on solid ethical and value-based controls, such as sincerity, trustworthiness, lawful earnings, and social responsibility, making it a means of worship and the development of the earth. It also found that education (particularly vocational and technical education) is the primary driver of upward professional mobility, as it enables individuals to acquire the skills and competencies that allow them to move to higher positions. The study offered a number of recommendations, most notably: the necessity of establishing an integrated Islamic educational vision for professional mobility by integrating the values and ethics of professional work into Islamic education curricula and training programs, while linking them to practical applications in the labor market, to ensure professional mobility based on integrity and quality.
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creator: Sultan Helmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1961

إشكالية القواعد القانونية بين الرقابة القبلية والرقابة البعدية: دراسة مقارنة في القضاء الدستوري المغربي والفرنسي
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description: This research addresses the problem of the intelligibility of legal rules in light of the interaction between pre-enactment and post enactment constitutional review of laws, through a comparative study of the Moroccan and French experiences. This is conducted in view of the gradual evolution of the standard of statutory clarity as a cornerstone of legislative quality, legal certainty, and the protection of rights and freedoms. The study concludes that the intelligibility of rules is no longer a mere formal or technical requirement; rather, it has transformed into a functional tool within constitutional review, whose invocation varies depending on the nature of the review (pre-enactment or post enactment). This standard is not consistently used as an independent ground for unconstitutionality; instead, it is applied through a flexible and selective approach linked to the severity of the legislative ambiguity and its practical impact on constitutional guarantees. This ensures a delicate balance between the stability of legal texts and the legislature's discretionary power on one hand, and the constitutional judge's role in protecting rights and upholding constitutional supremacy on the other. Based on these findings, the research recommends the necessity of developing the jurisprudence of the Moroccan Constitutional Court toward greater theoretical and institutional grounding for the intelligibility of the legal rule and defining its constitutional nature, rather than relying on it merely as an implicit or pragmatic argument in certain decisions. Such an approach would enhance judicial certainty, unify the standards of constitutional review, and regulate the impact of drafting ambiguity on individuals' legal positions.
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creator: Mohammed Al-Shahri
creator: Youssef El Yahyaoui
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1957

Phonology in Arabic between Qur'anic Orientation and Phonetic Analysis: An Analytical Study of the Hamzah Phenomenon through Ibn Abi Maryam's Book Al-Muwaddih fi Wujuh al-Qira'at wa 'Ilaliha
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description: This study examines a phonological phenomenon in Arabic through the interaction between Qur'anic orientation and phonetic analysis, using the phenomenon of the hamzah as an applied model based on Ibn Abi Maryam's book Al-Muwaddih fi Wujuh al-Qira'at wa 'Ilaliha, aiming to highlight how Qur'anic readings scholars treated this phonetic phenomenon, linking it to phonological rules on one hand and to Qur'anic orientation and performance standards on the other, revealing the depth of Arabic heritage in understanding and analyzing phonetic issues. The study found that the Arabic linguistic heritage, particularly that related to Qur'anic readings, presents a profound and precise understanding of phonetic phenomena that aligns in many respects with modern phonology, as the hamzah phenomenon proved to be a rich model for revealing the interaction between the phonetic structure of the Qur'anic text and considerations of ease in performance, manifested in variations of articulation, lenition, deletion, and substitution, while the analysis of Al-Muwaddih also showed that guiding readings was not based solely on transmitted knowledge but on precise phonetic and linguistic reasoning, considering the characteristics of the articulatory system, the rules of lenition, and the requirements of phonetic context. Finally, the study recommends expanding research linking Qur'anic readings to modern linguistic theories, paying attention to re-editing Qur'anic readings books according to modern scholarly methods, and employing digital technologies in analyzing Qur'anic performance.
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creator: Ousmane Hassane Ousmane
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1954

The Jews, Imam Ali, and Their Relationship with the Messenger: Between Ibn Hisham's Narration and Karen Armstrong's Reading
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description: The study examined the stances of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) towards the Jews, and the nature of the relationship that developed between them in Medina, analyzing the most prominent events related to the tribes of Banu Qaynuqa', Banu al-Nadir, Banu Qurayza, and Khaybar, and explaining the causes and consequences of the conflict in light of Islamic sources and the views of some Orientalists, particularly Karen Armstrong. The study also examined the relationship between Prophet Muhammad and Imam Ali (AS), from his upbringing in the household of prophethood, his precedence in embracing Islam, and his stances in supporting the Islamic call, while examining the prophetic hadiths indicating his status. The study adopted the comparative, analytical, and descriptive methodology to uncover the religious, political, and intellectual dimensions of those relationships. The study concluded with a set of findings, most notably: that the Prophet's relationship with the Jews was governed more by treaties and political circumstances than by purely religious conflict, and that the stances of some Jewish tribes contributed to straining relations with the nascent Islamic state due to their breach of covenants and political alliances. The study recommended the necessity of re-reading the Prophetic biography (Sirah) in an objective, scholarly manner, based on reliable historical sources, and avoiding biased interpretations or one-sided readings.
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creator: Yaseen Ali Abed Abed
creator: Haider Majeed Hussein Al-Alaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1953

Digital Isolation and Its Impact on the Social and Psychological Development of Learners in the Era of Smart Education
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description: The study addressed the phenomenon of "digital isolation" arising from the increasing expansion in the use of smart technologies within educational environments, and monitored its effects on the social and psychological development of learners in the era of smart education. The study aimed to identify the social and psychological dimensions of digital isolation, uncover its psychological effects such as loss of motivation and alienation, and develop a future educational vision that balances technology with balanced human development. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the survey method, applying a questionnaire to (120) learners and conducting semi-structured interviews with (15) teachers in public and private schools in Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq. The study reached several findings, most notably: the overall mean of social isolation indicators was (3.66) out of (5), which is a high level, as 68% of learners acknowledged a decline in their number of real friends, and 61% found it difficult to understand others' feelings; the overall mean of psychological effects was (3.72) out of (5), with chronic mental exhaustion appearing at a rate of 66%, and loss of intrinsic motivation among 59%, confirming that digital isolation generates anxiety, loneliness, and psychological alienation. The study recommended the necessity of integrating digital health skills into school curricula, setting maximum limits for mandatory digital interaction so that it does not exceed 50% of a single class period, while allocating device‑free spaces within educational institutions to enhance direct human interaction.
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creator: Batool Yasir Aswad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1951

Family Disintegration and Its Impact on the Local Community in Sudan: A Field Study in En Nahud City
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description: This field study investigates the phenomenon of family disintegration in En Nahud City, Sudan, employing the descriptive-analytical approach to diagnose the impact of eroded family bonds on the stability of the local community. From the perspective of structural functionalist theory, the results reveal a structural shift toward "functional disintegration," where economic pressures and unemployment (36.67%) have weakened informal mechanisms of social control, generating a state of "anomie" or normlessness. The study has statistically proven a positive correlation between the absence of parental monitoring and the spread of addiction problems (30%) and behavioral deviance, threatening the social fabric amid current crises. On another level, the study highlights the role of religious incentive and sound parenting methods as mediating variables that contribute to enhancing family cohesion and reducing crime rates. Despite the high educational level of the sample (86.6% university graduates), economic fragility and forced displacement have imposed patterns of "involuntary disintegration" that have surpassed the cognitive immunity of individuals. The study concludes that it is necessary to restore the educational functions of the Sudanese family to confront the challenges of "emotional divorce" and irregular migration, emphasizing that the stability of the local community is a direct reflection of the integrity of its small family units.
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creator: Ahmed Ali Ahmed Adam
creator: Abubakar Ibrahim Dwaina Musa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1945

The Effect of Repetition on the Cohesion of the Verses of al-Adhwāʾ and al-Dhawāt in the Holy Qur’an
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description: The study aimed to analyze repetition as a means of textual cohesion in the verses of "Al-Adhwa'" and "Al-Dhawat" by tracing various repetitive patterns (the same word, synonymy, syntactic parallelism, and the general word) and analyzing their impact on the coherence and cohesion of the text. It proceeds from the hypothesis that repetition in these verses was not merely verbal redundancy, but rather a functional tool serving rhetorical and semantic purposes, contributing to the emphasis and consolidation of meaning, and creating an interconnected linguistic fabric that achieves harmony among textual units. The study concluded that repetition effectively contributed to achieving textual cohesion at both the formal and semantic levels by linking parts of the text and enhancing their interconnectedness. The study also revealed that parallel structures and general words played a significant role in directing meaning and unifying semantic fields within the Qur'anic text. The study recommended expanding Qur'anic textual studies concerned with manifestations of lexical cohesion, and benefiting from modern text linguistics approaches in uncovering the rhetorical and semantic dimensions of the Qur'anic text.
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creator: Heba Salam Habib Al-Hassnawi Al-Hassnawi
creator: كاظم داخل جبير الجبوري
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1942

Cultural Transformations and Implicit Patterns: Selected Examples from the Poetry of Abu Nuwas
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description: This study aimed to uncover the implicit cultural patterns (religious, social, and political) inherent in Abu Nuwas's poetry, and how the poetic text was able to convey these patterns and embody the conflict of values in his era. The researcher conducted a comprehensive cultural analysis aimed at clarifying these patterns and deciphering their implicit codes within the poetic structure. This procedure was applied to a purposive sample selected from Abu Nuwas's Diwan, amounting to twelve poems. The study followed the analytical and descriptive method, in addition to the cultural method. To complete its research plan and achieve its objectives, the study reached several conclusions, most notably: the three systems (religious, social, and political) intertwine in shaping Abu Nuwas's overall worldview and guiding his poetic behavior. The study also revealed the effectiveness of cultural criticism in eliciting the implicit systems behind the apparent aesthetic and linguistic structure of the text. The researcher observed the transformation of the poetic voice from a system of rebellion and confrontation in the wine poems to a system of return and harmony with nature in the ascetic poems. The researcher recommended applying the methodology of cultural criticism to the collected works of other poets from the modernist school of the Abbasid era to observe the extent of the intersection or divergence of cultural systems within a single urban environment.
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creator: Mohammad Ja'far Mohammad Alobaidat
creator: Farouk ahmed turki Al Hazaimeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1941

The Role of Distance Learning Platforms in Improving Access to Education in Remote Areas
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description: This study aimed to explore the role of distance education platforms in enhancing access to education in remote areas, by analyzing the foundations of their success, and reviewing their patterns and challenges. The results showed that distance education represented a flexible solution to overcome geographical and social barriers, reduce the educational gap between rural and urban areas, and empower marginalized groups. The study also revealed that the effectiveness of this model was based on the strength of the infrastructure, the training of the educational process stakeholders, and the design of interactive content, highlighting the importance of the blended model to achieve a balance between flexibility and interaction, while addressing the challenges of the digital divide and ensuring the cultural appropriateness of the content. The study recommended adopting supportive policies to develop technological infrastructure in remote areas, qualifying teachers, and launching participatory initiatives between the public and private sectors to ensure the sustainability of digital education and develop its environments based on contemporary educational theories.
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creator: Abd Albasit Mohamed Sharif Mohamed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1935

The Interactive Cultural Diversity Component in Brussels Schools: A Moroccan Cultural Diplomacy Mechanism in Belgium and a Mirror of Morocco's Moderation and Centrism
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description: Abstract: This study targets the interactive multicultural component in the "Openness to Languages and Cultures" program in Belgium, as it combines two interrelated functions: a Moroccan mechanism for soft power and cultural diplomacy, and an educational shield against identity closure and extremism. The study is based on Joseph Nye's theory of soft power, Cummings' framework of cultural diplomacy, Berry's four acculturation strategies, and Taylor's politics of recognition. The study adopted a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach, combining five-point Likert scale questionnaires and open-ended questions. The sample included 33 respondents, distributed among 22 educational and administrative staff in nine municipalities in Brussels, and 11 parents and guardians. The results revealed composite indicators across four axes: cultural diplomacy (4.64/5), identity integration (4.52/5), positive community integration (4.52/5), and immunity against extremism (4.47/5). The educational staff evaluated the preventive function at 4.85/5 and institutional recognition at 4.90/5, while parents unanimously expressed full satisfaction with the existence of this acculturation component (5.00/5), alongside the identification of a structural communication gap (2.64–3.36/5). The qualitative results confirmed that the component operates as a "parallel diplomatic lever" for the Kingdom of Morocco, conveying the values of moderation, cultural and identity diversity within the framework of unity and integration. The study recommends that officials responsible for the "Openness to Languages and Cultures" program develop a structured curriculum that makes cultures, especially Moroccan culture, a fundamental pillar of the component, and that highlights the function of this component in shaping the student citizen who takes pride in their original culture while embodying universal values and peaceful coexistence. The recommendations also include improving the administrative status of the comp…
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creator: omar Laouriki
creator: Ahmed El Boukili
creator: Zakaria Boudahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1934

Characteristics of Educational Grammar in the Works of Omani Grammarians in Terms of Content, Level, and Style
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description: The study aimed to address the topic of the characteristics of pedagogical grammar in the works of Omani grammarians in terms of title, topics, level, and style. This topic holds great significance based on a set of factors related to facilitating the teaching of grammar within the Omani society, which is distinguished by its unique civilizational, cultural, and linguistic characteristics. For this reason, this research work was undertaken in the field of inquiry and investigation to raise an issue by answering a question that may concern those interested in facilitating the teaching of grammar in the Sultanate of Oman, namely: What are the distinguishing characteristics of pedagogical grammar in the works of Omani grammarians in terms of title, topics, level, and style? The importance of the study lies in highlighting the role of Omani pedagogical grammar in facilitating the teaching of grammar in Oman. The study aimed to clarify the characteristics that distinguish Omani pedagogical grammar works and their role in facilitating the ways of teaching Arabic grammar. The study adopted the descriptive inductive method and reached several findings, including: Omani grammarians used multiple methods in composing pedagogical grammar works, and through their pedagogical grammar writings, they sought to facilitate grammar learning. Moreover, most grammatical topics were free from theoretical terminology, grammatical disputes, and intricate subsidiary issues. The Omani grammarians presented the academic material in their pedagogical grammar works according to the learners' levels.
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creator: zainab alabri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1911

The Narrative Structure of Contemporary Arab Women’s Travel Discourse: An Analytical Study
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description: This study examines the narrative structure in contemporary Arab women's travel writing as a modern narrative discourse that emerged within the framework of the cultural and intellectual transformations witnessed by contemporary Arabic literature. The study is based on the assumption that women’s travel writing has transcended the traditional function based on spatial description and external documentation, becoming instead a narrative experience in which the self intertwines with place, objective time with psychological time, and external experience with internal reflection. The study adopts the descriptive-analytical approach, drawing on concepts from modern narratology such as narrative structure, narrator, narrative perspective, and time, through the analysis of selected models from contemporary Arab women’s travel texts. The study reveals the dominance of the first-person subjective narrator, the breaking of linear chronology, the employment of psychological time, and the transformation of place into a semantic element reflecting the self’s consciousness and its psychological and cultural transformations. The findings also demonstrate that the structure of events in women’s travel writing is characterized by fragmentation and discontinuity, relying on relatively independent narrative segments, which reflects the dominance of memory and emotion in the construction of narrative discourse. The study concludes that Arab women’s travel writing has contributed to renewing Arabic travel narrative and deepening its psychological and contemplative dimensions. It further recommends directing future studies toward analyzing narrative language and expressive styles in Arab women’s travel writing in order to reveal its aesthetic specificity and its impact on the development of contemporary travel discourse.
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creator: Khaled Al-Saidi
creator: Nour Benkhod
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1905

Argument and explanation in the jurisprudential choices by Imam Yahya Bin Hamza (Purity and Prayer as an example)
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description: This study focuses on examining the juristic choices of Imam "Yahya ibn Hamzah" al-Alawi (d. 749 AH) in the chapters of purification (ṭahārah) and prayer (ṣalāh), along with presenting the evidence and proof supporting them, through his encyclopedic work Al-Intiṣār ʿalā ʿUlamāʾ al-Amṣār. The problem of the study lies in shedding light on an important Zaydi juristic heritage that has not received sufficient investigation and study, given the difficulty of accessing sources and surrounding circumstances. The study aims to introduce the Imam and his scholarly status, derive his juristic choices, clarify his justifications and evidences in sometimes differing from the Zaydi school, and identify the preponderant opinion in terms of evidence. The researcher adopted the inductive analytical approach, tracking juristic issues from their sources, attributing evidences from the Qur’an and Sunnah, and analyzing them to reach the ruling of Imam "Yahya ibn Hamzah" and his stance on each issue. The study concluded, in the examples of purification and prayer, that his choices were characterized by reliance on evidence and agreement with the consensus of Muslims, as in the issue of not counting the two private parts among the organs of ablution, and determining sunset time by the disappearance of the solar disk rather than the appearance of stars. The importance of this study lies in enriching the Zaydi jurisprudential library, highlighting the knowledge and jurisprudence of a recognized Imam, and refuting some opinions that may contradict scholarly consensus.
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creator: Bilal Mohammed Al-Haneq
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1895

Self-Esteem and Psychological Stress Among Fathers and Mothers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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description: *]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:a9a08d40-a469-4f6b-adca-0c31dc227571-5" data-turn-id-container="request-WEB:a9a08d40-a469-4f6b-adca-0c31dc227571-5" data-testid="conversation-turn-12" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"> The current study aimed to identify the level of self-esteem and the level of psychological stress among fathers and mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in the city of Salé, and to examine the nature of the relationship between them, in addition to determining whether there are statistically significant differences attributable to the variables (age, educational level, monthly income, gender). The study adopted the correlational descriptive approach and was conducted on a sample of (60) fathers and mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders enrolled in special education and rehabilitation centers in the city of Salé. The self-esteem scale and the psychological stress scale were used as data collection tools. The results showed that the level of self-esteem among the sample was high, while the level of psychological stress was moderate. The findings also indicated a statistically significant negative correlation at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) between self-esteem and psychological stress, as it was found that the higher the level of self-esteem, the lower the psychological stress among fathers and mothers, and vice versa. The results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of self-esteem and psychological stress attributable to the variables (age, educational level, monthly income, gender), indicating that these variables do not directly affect the psychological state of parents in this context. In light of these findings, the study recommended the necessity of e…
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creator: SALEH HOUMZ
creator: Kholod Sbai
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1876

Women’s Marginalization and Representations of the Patriarchal System in the Arabic Novel after 2010: “Intellectual Confiscation” as a Model – A Socio-Cultural Study
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description: This study examines the various references that contribute to the formation of women's image within the Arab societal context, and attempts to uncover the nature of the systems that have framed women's lives and imprinted them with a particular character, as well as the effects resulting from these cultural and social systems that have reflected upon women's relationship with themselves and with others, and contributed to the formation of their identity. This is achieved through interrogating Arabic narrative novels after 2010 CE, and explaining the critical vision concerning this type of practice. The researchers found that Arab narrative, stemming from its attention to the outcasts and marginalized, has adhered to a stereotypical image of women. This image is built upon the problematic issue of the deprivation of opinion, expression, and freedom of choice that the female self experiences within the imagined structure, which in turn serves as a clear and explicit reflection of reality. Through the narrative text and in an imagined manner, the study has proven that women represent a part of a social system that imposes upon them acceptance of and submission to the situation, and avoidance of any attempt to deviate from it. This is a classical vision that relied upon inherited references and has not undergone transformation or change. The study adopted the socio-cultural approach in its reading of the narrative novels and in tracing the intellectual perspectives related to women's issues.
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creator: Mohammed Abdul Hussein Huwaidi
creator: Sajida Kazem Karim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1947

Structural Transformations of the Sudanese State under International and Regional Competition: A Critical Political Economy Approach from the Frankfurt School Perspective
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description: This study critically analyzes the structural transformations of the Sudanese state amid escalating international and regional competition, positioning Sudan as one of the geopolitically significant arenas in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, with the consequent overlap of political, economic, and security interests of international and regional powers. The study is based on the fundamental premise that this competition has not been limited to traditional forms of intervention but has extended to more complex mechanisms for reproducing hegemony and dependency—a dynamic that can be deconstructed and analyzed through the tools of the Frankfurt School of critical theory, which focuses on the dialectical relationship between power, economy, and culture. The study adopts a theoretical approach combining the Frankfurt School, dependency theory, and the international political economy framework, allowing for a deeper understanding of patterns of indirect control and their impact on the structure and core functions of the state. The research employs descriptive-analytical and critical methods to analyze official documents, international reports, political discourses, as well as a review of relevant Arabic and foreign literature. The findings show that international and regional competition has directly contributed to weakening the autonomy of Sudanese political decision-making, reshaping the national economy to serve external interests at the expense of sustainable development requirements, and deepening structural crises related to governance and political stability. The study also concludes that the absence of a cohesive national project and weak institutions have facilitated the penetration of the state by external actors. The study recommends adopting national strategies based on enhancing economic sovereignty, diversifying international partnerships, and building institutions capable of managing interaction with the international system more independently and …
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creator: Mohamed Khalid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i6.1937

Science Translates Our Lives – Epistemic and Social Transformations in the Digital Age: An Analytical Study of the Scientific Translation Revolution and Its Existential Implications
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description: This research presents a comprehensive academic analysis of the concept of "the scientific translation of life" as a fundamental transformative process that has shifted human experience from a natural, spontaneous existence to a measurable and programmable system. The study aimed to analyze the mechanism of this translation and its impact on ten aspects of life across three temporal stages (pre-1800, 1800–2025, 2025–2050). The research adopted a descriptive analytical documentary methodology, along with a secondary analysis of statistical data issued by international organizations and local reports. The results revealed a consistent transformative pattern (natural existence → measurable system → programmable entity), and confirmed the main hypothesis regarding the existence of a direct correlation between the depth of scientific translation and the erosion of human privacy. The research recommended the necessity of establishing a "scientific translation ethics" as a global reference framework.
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creator: ‏‪ Intisar Muammar Makkari
creator: Siham Saleh Al-Qablawi
creator: Asma Mustafa Abu Oudala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1915

The intelligence arising from strategic thinking patterns for building a sustainable Libya
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description: Strategic thinking became associated with the concept of sustainable development, and it became a focal point of interest for scientists and nations, especially after the world realized that sustainable development was the only way to confront serious problems such as climate change, desertification, water and air pollution, floods, and the depletion of non-renewable resources. The study, which examined Libya after the events of 2011, aimed to link strategic thinking and sustainable development through a main hypothesis stating that preserving the survival of states and the wealth of generations was only achieved through strategic thinking that combined science and creativity, and a null hypothesis warning that neglecting this thinking could expose Libyan institutions to crises due to their failure to recognize environmental threats. The study concluded that strategic thinking was more important than strategy itself; strategy served as the map, and strategic thinking served as the compass, and without it, sustainable development remained mere slogans. The study also demonstrated that understanding the political, economic, and security obstacles in Libya transformed theoretical intelligence into tactical intelligence that identified opportunities and threats, thereby producing effective strategies and alternative plans leading toward sustainability. The study recommended investing in scientific research, activating the partnership between the public and private sectors, unifying legal texts, diversifying the economy, and establishing a national body for future foresight.
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creator: Mounir Ali Bouhamala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1924

Professional competencies in technical education and vocational training to keep pace with technological development and achieve sustainable development in Libya
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description: The labor market in technical and vital sectors is witnessing rapid structural transformations as a result of the intersection of artificial intelligence, automation, and biotechnology, which imposes a fundamental restructuring of professional competency development models. This study aims to analyze the nature of the knowledge and skills gap between current technical education outcomes and sustainable labor market requirements, and to extract frameworks for digital-professional competencies capable of supporting sustainable development goals in the Arab context. The study adopted the Narrative Analytical Review methodology, applying a systematic screening protocol that included peer-reviewed global databases, resulting in a final analytical sample of (34) peer-reviewed studies published during the period (2018–2026). The results, revealed through thematic analysis, identified four main analytical axes: (1) the shift from isolated technical competence to digital-human integration, (2) the existence of a persistent structural gap between academic curricula and sustainable professional application, (3) the emergence of green digital leadership competencies as a new administrative requirement, and (4) the crucial role of biotechnology and bioinformatics in engineering sustainability solutions. The study recommends restructuring technical education and training programs according to a competency model based on integration across disciplines, data, and sustainable practices, while strengthening institutional partnerships to accurately measure developmental impact.
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creator: Muati Musbah Al-Ghoul
creator: Najiya Ikrim Al-Mabrouk Abdulsadiq
creator: Sarah Saleh Ramadan
creator: Amal Ali Al-Shibli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1916

Criminal liability for the crime of providing an incorrect medical certificate (comparative study)
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description: The study examined the criminal liability arising from a physician’s or midwife’s issuance of an incorrect medical certificate within the framework of a comparative study aimed at clarifying the legal basis of such liability and the elements of the related offense. The study explained that the law granted physicians and midwives the authority to issue medical certificates within specific legal limits and regulations, provided that such certificates accurately reflected the patient’s actual physical, psychological, and health condition and contained no false information. Criminal liability arose when an incorrect certificate was intentionally issued, as such conduct constituted a punishable offense under the law. The study also discussed the legal foundation of criminal liability for physicians and midwives, demonstrating that liability depended on the existence of awareness and freedom of choice, while the absence of intent or the presence of coercion led to the exclusion of criminal liability. Furthermore, the study emphasized that this offense could only be committed by a physician or a midwife, which distinguished it from the general crime of forgery. The study concluded by recommending stricter penalties for this offense due to its serious consequences in misleading the judiciary or obtaining unlawful benefits. It also recommended strengthening professional and administrative oversight and organizing awareness programs for healthcare workers regarding the dangers of issuing medical certificates that contradict the truth.
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creator: Ola Karim
creator: Zahraa Abdulhadi Zahraa Abdulhadi Hamid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v5i12.1929