Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches
type: channel
description: Peer-reviewed academic journal under the auspices of the Ibn Al-Arabi Center for Culture and Publishing, from occupied Palestine welcomes you and invites you to publish through its pages.
publisher: مركز ابن العربي للثقافة والنشر
language: en
publication name: Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches
issn: 2789-7834
items: The level of organizational commitment among teachers of basic education schools in Al Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman
items: The availability degree of the components of professional learning communities in basic education schools in the Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman
items: Hope in Live for the parents' loss people in Iraq
items: The hydrology of the earth cover and its effect on the environmental capacity of the rainwater drainage network using the flow curve SCS-CN in Nasiriyah city
items: Spatial distribution of kindergarten in the urban centers of Dhi Qar Governorate
items: The Impact of Strategic Leadership Practices on Institutional Excellence in the Governmental Sector in Sultanate of Oman
items: The Readiness of Factories to Avoid Earthquake Risks
items: The effect of employing the programming of the microbit board in developing number multiplication skills among sixth grade female students in Arar
items: Semantic Analysis of Synonymy in The Qur’anic Verses In Surat Yusuf
items: The Regional geopolitical conflict and its relationship to energy resources in the countries bordering the Persian Gulf
items: Aspects of sustainable development in Moroccan companies, the Case of the cherifien group of phosphates referred to as OCP
items: Economic life in the Saguia El-Hamra and Wadi El-Dahab regions
items: The problem of security fragility in weak states: Syria as a case study
items: The impact of the Financial Policy Tools on Economic Cycles in Sudan Economy during the period (1990-2022): An Econometric Study by using Switching Regression
items: The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Sustainable Development in Developing Countries
items: Analyse psychosociale de la littérature féminine en Mauritanie
items: Pedagogical Innovation in Universities’ Teaching
items: Manifestations of luxury in Achaemenid art
items: The degree of inclusion of mathematical reasoning vocabulary in the developed tenth grade mathematics curriculum in the post-basic education stage in the Sultanate of Oman
items: Means of Proof in Cybercrimes: A Comparative Study with Application to the Yemeni Context
items: Sources of Poetic Imagery and Their Rhetoric in Classical Desert Poetry: Muhammad ibn al-Talaba as a Model
items: Manifestations of Polytheism in the Pre-Islamic Era: Divination by Arrows and the Innovations of the Ḥums as a Case Study
items: https://benkjournal.com/benkj/en/article/view/342
items: The role of contemporary cost accounting systems in planning and control A field study on the Ports Authority))
items: the role of the Palestinian administrative judiciary in controlling the work of the President of state
items: The possibility of employing the aesthetic foundations of Babylonian attire in modern fashion design.
items: The European Model of Community Policing and Ways to Benefit from It
items: International Blocs in a Multipolar Era (Dynamics of Security, Economy, and Politics)
items: https://benkjournal.com/benkj/en/article/view/1889
items: Abdulaziz Ahmed Al-Rasheed: His Life and Intellectual Role in the Arabian Gulf

The level of organizational commitment among teachers of basic education schools in Al Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman
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description: The present study aimed to identify the level of organizational commitment among teachers of basic education schools in Al Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, study used a descriptive method, also used the questionnaire to collect data and information were applied to a sample of (369 ) male and female teachers. The results of the study showed that the level of organizational commitment among teachers of basic education schools in Al Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman was generally high, It also came high in all dimensions: normative, emotional, and continuity commitment, and the results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≤0.05 ) in the responses of the study sample of teachers to the level of their commitment to schools Basic education in Al Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman attributed to the variables of gender, scientific qualification, years of experience, and job title.
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creator: هلال محمد
creator: حسام السيد
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-04-01
publication date: 2022-04-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i4.508

The availability degree of the components of professional learning communities in basic education schools in the Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman
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description: The present study aimed to identify the availability degree of the components of professional learning communities in basic education schools in the Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, study used a descriptive method, also used the questionnaire to collect data and information were applied to a sample of (494) male and female teachers. The results of the study showed that The availability degree of the components of professional learning communities in basic education schools in Al Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman was generally high, and The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≤0.05) between the average estimates of the study sample of teachers for the degree of availability of the components of professional learning communities in primary education schools in Al Buraimi Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman due to the variables of gender and job title, while there were no such differences. Differences in the variables of years of experience and scientific qualification.
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creator: Mohammed AlBalushi
creator: Hossam Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-04-01
publication date: 2022-04-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i4.505

Hope in Live for the parents' loss people in Iraq
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description: The research aims To measure hope in life For students without parents In middle schools According to gender variable (male - female) And apply the measure of hope in life What the researchers built After performing the psychometric properties on it On a sample of (300) male and female students For the academic year (2021-2022) The search results are shown That sample have hope for life There are no differences between males and females, and between those without a father and those without a mother, in terms of hope in life The research came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions.
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creator: Kadhum AlOmary
creator: Safa Aljama'n
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-07-10
publication date: 2023-07-10
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i10.487

The hydrology of the earth cover and its effect on the environmental capacity of the rainwater drainage network using the flow curve SCS-CN in Nasiriyah city
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description: The study aimed at identifying the impact of the rain storm on the efficiency of the rainwater drainage network in Nasiriyah city, using the SCS-CN method to estimate the volume of the surface flow. This method was adopted to estimate the volume of surface flow and the amount of rain recorded for the station (Al-Nasiriya) located in the governorate of Thi-Qar. This method was adopted to estimate the volume of surface flow and the amount of rain recorded for the (Al-Nasiriya) station located in the Thi-Qar Governorate, where the rain data for the above mentioned station was dealt with. The study of the volume of surface flow resulting from a rainstorm included a study of the flow resulting from the highest rainstorm for the period (2018-2019), which was recorded on May 19, 2019 and amounted to (138 mm/day). The study found a group of results and the most significant is that the areas exposed to the possibility of flood risks are within the neighborhoods of the city, as there is a discrepancy in the level of risk in Nasiriyah city within the zone of ​​the study area. The study recommended a group of recommendations and the most significant is the need to work on separating the rainwater network from the sewage network, whether it is secondary or main, and providing pumps and stations to the city network.
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creator: Mohammed Saad
creator: Ali Yassin
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-07-10
publication date: 2023-07-10
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i10.486

Spatial distribution of kindergarten in the urban centers of Dhi Qar Governorate
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description: The research aims to analyze the spatial distribution of kindergarten in Dhi Qar Governorate, one of the governorates of southern Iraq, and the patterns and intensity of their distribution, by adopting the techniques of spatial analyzes and modern statistical methods. The research was approved by means, tools and methods, and the data available and collected in the Directorate of Education in Dhi Qar Governorate, as well as preparing a questionnaire applied for the bridges of the gaps, and the research approved geographic information systems techniques (GIS) in the cartographic representation and determining the patterns and intensity of the phenomenon in accordance with a set of interactions for the standards of spatial analysis. The research reached the most important results, which is that the total number of kindergarten was distributed between (32) kindergarten within the government sector for the year 2021, with a variation in its distribution rate, the center of Dhi Qar Governorate (Nasiriyah City) acquired the first rank, the number of children enrolled in kindergarten reached (5416), while the size of the age group corresponding to this stage reached (100244) children, and the results of the spatial analyst in the technology (GIS) indicated that the actual actual extension of the direction of the distribution of urban centers for kindergarten within the two sectors came as an emulator for the actual spread pattern of the centers concentration in the province and the pattern Distribute (randomly close). The study ended with the most important conclusions and a set of recommendations that would limit the extent of the efficiency and adequacy of kindergarten and its spread in the study area
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creator: Baqer Abdullah Hamdan
creator: Sami AlSahlani
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-07-06
publication date: 2023-07-06
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i10.478

The Impact of Strategic Leadership Practices on Institutional Excellence in the Governmental Sector in Sultanate of Oman
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description: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر على ممارسات القيادة الاستراتيجية بأبعادها (تحديد التوجه الاستراتيجي، تطوير رأس المال البشري، اتخاذ القرارات التشاركية، دعم الثقافة التنظيمية) وتطبيقها في وزارة التجارة والصناعة وترويج الاستثمار في سلطنة عمان، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة فقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتمثَّل مجتمع الدراسة في الموظفين بالوزارة، وتم استخدام طريقة العينة الميسَّرة، وتم جمع البيانات من عينة مكونة من 262 موظف، كما استخدمت الباحثة برنامج SPSS للتحليل الإحصائي للبيانات. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود أثر إيجابي ذو دلالة معنوية لممارسات القيادة الاستراتيجية على التميز المؤسسي؛ وكان بُعد تحديد التوجه الاستراتيجي الأكثر تأثيرًا، يليه بُعد دعم الثقافة التنظيمية، ثم بُعد تطوير رأس مال البشري، وأخيرًا بُعد اتخاذ القرارات التشاركية. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة إشراك الموظفين بشكل دوري من خلال الاجتماعات وورش العمل للتأكد من وضوح الخطة الاستراتيجية، وتقديم المكافآت والحوافز للموظفين بالوزارة تقديراً على إسهاماتهم وأفكارهم الإبداعية، وتعزيز الوزارة لأسلوب اللامركزية في اتخاذ القرارات.
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creator: فاطمة المغيرية
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-08-01
publication date: 2023-08-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v3i8.485

The Readiness of Factories to Avoid Earthquake Risks
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description: The study aims to identify the magnitude of Saudi factories' resistance to natural environmental hazards, and to clarify security and safety procedures followed by Saudi companies to resist the risk of earthquakes. Besides, identifying the procedures followed by the Saudi Electricity Company in terms of security and safety and the readiness of the Saudi Electricity Company for measures to resist earthquake risks. To achieve the aim of the study, it relied on the descriptive analytical method, in addition to approaches of Crisis management and total quality management. The importance of this study that its results ought to be taken into consideration in identifying the readiness of the Saudi Electricity Company to resist the risk of earthquakes, to avoid them if possible. Therefore, the study includes four chapters, the first is the methodological framework of the study. And also, the second chapter dealt with the conceptual framework of the study. According to the third chapter, it focused on methodological procedures. At last, the fourth chapter dealt with results of the field study.
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creator: Mohammed AlJarah
creator: Bader Mohammed
creator: Mohammed AlQarni
creator: Hashim Mustafa Alsharif
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-07-01
publication date: 2023-07-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v3i7.459

The effect of employing the programming of the microbit board in developing number multiplication skills among sixth grade female students in Arar
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description: The study aimed to identify the impact of employing the programming of the microbit board on developing number multiplication skills among sixth grade female students in mathematics. Its application to the study sample before and after training in programming the microbit board. The study population included the sixth grade female students in the Arar region for the academic year (1442 AH). Training in programming the microbit board, (23) control samples, after the researcher made sure that the level of the two groups was equal before applying the experiment. The study revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in the dimensional number multiplication skills test in favor of the experimental group. (0.43), and that the programming of the micro-board achieved effectiveness in testing the skills of multiplying numbers among the students, as the rate of gain was (1.24). Based on the results of the research, the study recommended the need to apply strategies and modern technology, such as micro-board programming, in science and mathematics courses. due to its effectiveness in the learning environment.
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creator: Faza AlRuwaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-07-02
publication date: 2023-07-02
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v3i7.452

Semantic Analysis of Synonymy in The Qur’anic Verses In Surat Yusuf
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description: This research attempts to study the various qur’anic words in terms of similarity in pronunciation and in meaning. The researcher carried out a semantic analysis concerned with the synonymy in the Quranic verse in Surat Yusuf. The researcher's approach is to analyse the verses in which the words have synonymy in meanings. The words were recorded and organized according to the types of synonymy and its divisions, with an explanation of what might be needed from the evidence and the opinions of ancient scholars. The researcher concluded that the synonymy in the terminology is the indication of two or more different words having one name, one meaning, or one indication. In the words of ancient linguists, (words that differ in the pronunciation and have the same meaning) and the types of linguistic synonymy are complete synonymy, semi-synonym (Overlapping), semantic relation, disparity in the general pronunciation, disparity in the strength of meaning, and variance in specification. The synonyms that occur in the Holy Qur’an in Surat Yusuf are (مكّنenabled) (make جعل ), (to bring أتى) and (giveأعطى ), )dreams (أحلام and (vision (رؤيا , )evil (السوء and (immorality(الفحشاء , )plot (كيد and (deception (المكر .
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creator: GHAZWAN JASIM
creator: ABDULATEEF IBRAHIM
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-06-10
publication date: 2023-06-10
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i4.441

The Regional geopolitical conflict and its relationship to energy resources in the countries bordering the Persian Gulf
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description: This study aims to define the regional geopolitical conflict axes competing for control of energy resources in order to identify their plans and geostrategic goals that they use to achieve their immediate goals and future aspirations, and in order to achieve those desired goals, the analytical approach that is relied upon in geopolitical and geopolitical studies has been relied upon. The study reached a number of results, the most prominent of which is that the energy resources in which the Arab Gulf region abounds in terms of oil and natural gas have made it a fertile ground for regional and international conflicts due to the strong movement of the axes of these conflicts in order to find a foothold in this vital region and to win these energy resources and provisions Controlling it and ensuring the continuity of its flow and keeping other active forces away from reaching it.
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creator: وجدي حميد الجابري
creator: Mahdi AlSafi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-06-10
publication date: 2023-06-10
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i4.440

Aspects of sustainable development in Moroccan companies, the Case of the cherifien group of phosphates referred to as OCP
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description: The Third International Congress in Johannesburg (2002) marked the history of development because, for the first time, firms and non-governmental organizations were present and faced with their responsibilities for sustainable development. The starting point of this article will be the following questions: 1. How did the Moroccan company react to the concept of sustainable development and how did it use it in its strategies? 2. Has the concept of sustainable development been transformed into a social action carried out by the company when it interacts with its social and natural environment? 3. Has the Moroccan company’s relationship with its environment changed after adopting CSR in its strategies? The results of the study lead us to conclude that all the OCP propaganda about RSE is just a kind of sustainable advertising whose first goal is to serve the economic leadership strategy of the OCP.
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creator: عبد الواحد غبيبي
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-06-07
publication date: 2023-06-07
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i4.427

Economic life in the Saguia El-Hamra and Wadi El-Dahab regions
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description: This article comes to present a scientific approach on the most prominent aspects of economic life witnessed in the Saguia El-Hamra and Wadi Eddahab regions, which are located in the area of southern Morocco. To accurate scientific research on some aspects of these wealth, highlighting the subject of economic life in the Saguia El Hamra and Wadi Eddahab regions, in an effort to continue serving scientific and academic research in this field.
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creator: Neama Bouchama
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-06-07
publication date: 2023-06-07
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i4.423

The problem of security fragility in weak states: Syria as a case study
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description: The main security threats facing weak states can be catastrophic and arise primarily -although not exclusively- from internal and domestic sources, in a way that later opens the door for foreign sources for manipulative states to interfere and influence. Taking Syria as a case study, it became clear that the combination of its weakness and the internal threats that surrounded it during the past decade created a unique security challenge for it. It is special challenge because it arose from confronting internal threats, rather than external threats to the existence of the nation-state. Yes, Syria's neighbors have been implicated in external interference in its internal affairs and battles, but by proxy and not explicitly. This was done because of the internal justifications that gave them a window to interfere and influence internal affairs.
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creator: Hussain Abdulameer
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-06-04
publication date: 2023-06-04
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v3i6.407

The impact of the Financial Policy Tools on Economic Cycles in Sudan Economy during the period (1990-2022): An Econometric Study by using Switching Regression
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description: The study dealt with one of the state intervention mechanisms to control the negative effects of economic cycles, and worked to reveal the impact of the financial policy tools on the economic cycles in Sudan economy during the period 1990-2022, and for the interrelationships between financial policy and the effects of the economic cycles, it used the econometric methodology by focusing on time series data and switching regression model, and it concluded that there is a negative relationship between each of current spending, indirect taxes and the rate of economic growth, and that the relationship between development spending and the rate of economic growth is positive in first regime, and negative in the second regime(-1.21), and this shows the extent of the weakness of the financial policy efficiency that worked to direct a large percentage of public expenditures to current spending, and there was a negative relationship between direct taxes and economic growth rate(-0.25), and this confirms that financial policy dose not depend on direct taxes, and recommended the need to increase spending on development to improve the productive capacity efficiency, and interduce the direct taxe for its positive impact on the rate of growth and reduce the effects of economic sycles.
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creator: Jaralnebi Daheyya
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-06-03
publication date: 2023-06-03
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v3i6.405

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Sustainable Development in Developing Countries
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description: The significance of this study lies in its contribution to understanding the nature of the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the dimensions of sustainable development, as well as identifying the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries in leveraging it to achieve economic and social development. It also highlights its role in supporting development pathways and enhancing the efficiency of productive sectors. The study aims to clarify the concept of foreign direct investment and its relationship with sustainable development, identify its positive and negative effects, and analyze its impact on the economic and social aspects in developing countries. The research is based on two main hypotheses: the first assumes a positive impact of FDI on sustainable development across its various dimensions, while the second assumes the existence of potential negative effects in those same dimensions. The study adopts a descriptive approach to present phenomena and trends related to FDI, relying on primary and secondary data as well as official sources, in addition to an analytical approach to examine the relationships and impacts among the study variables. The findings indicate several key results, most notably the contribution of FDI to increasing gross domestic product (GDP), improving employment rates, and enhancing investment in productive sectors, thereby supporting sustainable development. The study also recommends strengthening international relations, promoting political stability, and adopting policies that contribute to achieving economic, social, and environmental balance in developing countries.
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creator: Mohammed Farhan Al-Hababi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1901

Analyse psychosociale de la littérature féminine en Mauritanie
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description: Over the years, Mauritanian Moorish women have managed to have their own poetry, an oral literature known locally as “tebrāʕ” translated into French by the word “ingenuity”, sometimes also “invention”. It is a love poetry originally used by girls or by women in general to express feelings that social norms prevent them from manifesting publicly. Tebrāʕ is deeper than a mere female expression of passion, it is rather a social and psychological state of mind that empowers women and helps them break taboos virtually for a short period of time. This article is an analytical reading of Tebrāʕ and presents new models and ways of examining this oral literature. It tries also to answer several questions which can be summarized as follows: Can this form of poetry be considered as a female literature? The closed circle where these words are composed and pronounced, can it be considered a therapy session? And above all, what power do these women and girls derive from this practice? This article is also a study of the perception of men and women in Mauritania in relation to this oral art practice based essentially on an empirical study that is the first of its kind in the country.
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creator: Lalla Aicha Cheikh Sidi Hamou
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-06-01
publication date: 2022-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i6.367

Pedagogical Innovation in Universities’ Teaching
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description: Pedagogical innovation is critical in the twenty-first century, and each university, classroom or educational institution must take this point as an ultimate goal of their educational system. Professors are responsible for preparing students to tackle new challenges, which is why innovative teaching methods have become important for keeping spirit up. This paper sheds light on pedagogical innovation at universities and give a review of its many forms, features, methodologies, and significance in the twenty-first century. It has been found that the types of pedagogical innovation are classified socially and technically. Moreover, the paper asserts that the innovative teaching methods do not consider all students at the same comprehension level according to their different abilities and skills.
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creator: Huda Salih Manshad
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-06-01
publication date: 2022-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i6.366

Manifestations of luxury in Achaemenid art
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description: This study deals with the manifestations of luxury in Achaemenid art, and the accompanying changes and developments that were reflected in the artistic, economic and social levels, as the human being, by his innate nature, has tendencies to love beauty, and through art the artist feels the reality of this beauty and its habitat. In nature and the universe, which he feels pleasure from providing and satisfying, which is part of the manifestations of luxury, especially as it inspires in human enjoyment what sometimes exceeds the material pleasures that he needs in his life, and we will try in this study to clarify the concept of luxury, and the reasons that contributed to its appearance in some classes The Achaemenid society, and the extent to which Achaemenid art contributed to the emergence of luxury. In this study, the manifestations of Achaemenid luxury will be dealt with in terms of the raw material from which the various artistic models were sculpted or made, which are presented through the manifestations of luxury.
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creator: Safa Moqdad Abdul Jali
creator: Sadoon Abdul-Hadi AlAmeer Barghash
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-06-01
publication date: 2022-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v3i5.355

The degree of inclusion of mathematical reasoning vocabulary in the developed tenth grade mathematics curriculum in the post-basic education stage in the Sultanate of Oman
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description: The study aimed to investigate the extent of the inclusion of mathematical reasoning in the curriculum of the 10th-grade mathematics in Sultanate of Oman. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used a quantitative descriptive approach by preparing an analysis card consisting of 18 indicators distributed across five domains. After verifying the instrument's validity and reliability, it was applied to four 10th-grade mathematics textbooks. The results of the study revealed that the degree of inclusion of mathematical reasoning in10th-grade mathematics curriculum in the post-basic education stage in the Sultanate of Oman was high, with a percentage of 28.25% of the total evaluative vocabulary. It was 37.33% in the first semester student book, 27.88% in the second semester student book, and 25.35% in the first semester activity book, while the second semester activity book came in at 22.34%. The results also indicated that the domain of analyzing mathematical relationships and situations came first with a percentage of 7.50%, followed by the domain of mathematical reasoning and argumentation with a percentage of 5.71%, then the domains of combining and integrating procedures and results, evaluating solutions and extracting results with a percentage of 5.40%, and finally, the domain of generalizing mathematical patterns and relationships with a percentage of 4.10%. The researchers recommended the need to diversify the formulation of evaluative vocabulary according to mathematical reasoning domains and the need to practice reasoning in all classroom and non-classroom situations.
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creator: Khalid bin Juma bin Khamis alshidi
creator: Issa bin Khamis bin Ali AlKharusi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-05-01
publication date: 2023-05-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v3i5.343

Means of Proof in Cybercrimes: A Comparative Study with Application to the Yemeni Context
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description: This study examines "Means of Proof in Cybercrimes: A Comparative Study of the Yemeni Context", digital evidence in cybercrimes through a comparative analysis of the Yemeni context, aiming to reveal the legal nature of digital evidence and its technical characteristics (immutability, manipulability, difficulty of destruction), along with its types, admissibility conditions, and probative value. The core problem lies in the disparity between evolving digital evidentiary techniques and the inability of traditional legal and procedural frameworks to accommodate them, acutely manifested in the Yemeni judicial system, which suffers from legislative vacuum, technical deficiencies, and weak infrastructure. Employing analytical and comparative methodologies, the study concludes that effective digital evidence requires precise controls (legality, evidence integrity, chain of custody, forensic expertise), with key recommendations including: enacting specialized Yemeni legislation, establishing digital forensic laboratories, forming specialized judicial chambers, and harmonizing national legislation with international standards such as the Budapest Convention.
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creator: Mujahid Ahmed Ahmed Al-Amdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1900

Sources of Poetic Imagery and Their Rhetoric in Classical Desert Poetry: Muhammad ibn al-Talaba as a Model
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description: This study attempts to shed light on classical desert poetry in Tiris, Morocco, through the model of the poet Muhammad ibn al-Talaba, by examining the sources of poetic imagery in his work and recalling the key foundations that contributed to its formation. These are linked to the desert and Bedouin environment, as well as to the social structure through the presence of the poet’s group, the Ya‘qūbiyyīn, in addition to the importance of his cultural formation and his extensive familiarity with the poetry of the ancients. This renders his texts as ones that engage in dialogue with earlier poetic eras. The study adopts an aesthetic approach through rhetorical analysis grounded in the concepts of classical Arabic rhetoric. The study concludes with significant findings, namely that the poetic imagery in Muhammad ibn al-Talaba’s work represents an authentic extension of pre-Islamic poetic imagery and the recurring images found in classical poetry. It also concludes that the poet Ibn al-Talaba constitutes a major pioneer and a true founder of the discourse of revival and the reanimation of classical poetic imagery within an environment that closely resembles the well-known Arab desert setting of the Arabian Peninsula. This underscores the need for Arab scholars to give serious attention to desert poetry, study it closely, and properly situate it within the development of classical Arabic poetry across different regions of the Arab world.
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creator: Bachir Yara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1898

Manifestations of Polytheism in the Pre-Islamic Era: Divination by Arrows and the Innovations of the Ḥums as a Case Study
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description: This study aims to explore the manifestations of polytheism in the pre-Islamic era, particularly divination by arrows (al-azlām) and the innovations of the Ḥums, by analyzing their nature, identifying their underlying motives, and examining their theological and social impacts. It also seeks to highlight the Prophetic methodology in abolishing these practices and rectifying the course of belief. The study adopts an inductive-analytical approach, through tracing relevant texts in the Prophetic biography, as well as works of exegesis and theology, followed by analyzing them and linking them to their historical and doctrinal contexts in order to form a comprehensive understanding of these phenomena. The study concludes with several key findings, most notably: first, that polytheism in the pre-Islamic period was not limited to idol worship, but also included forms of deviant legislation, such as inventing religious rulings and prohibiting what God has permitted. Second, these practices had a profound impact on people's lives, leading to the neglect of legitimate means and causing hardship and distress, as seen in divination by arrows and the practices of the Ḥums. The study recommends conducting specialized theological research that connects ancient forms of polytheism with contemporary deviations, while employing the Prophetic approach in addressing them, and strengthening educational and da‘wah programs aimed at reinforcing monotheism and correcting doctrinal concepts within societies.
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creator: Khalid Masad Thabeat AlJohani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1878

https://benkjournal.com/benkj/en/article/view/342
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title: The mediating role of administrative creativity in the relationship between e-marketing and the quality of banking services on commercial banks operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Al-Rajhi, Al-Arabi, SABB)
description: The study aimed to identify the mediating role of administrative creativity in the relati8onship between e-marketing and the quality of banking services on commercial banks operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Al-Rajhi, Al-Arabi, SABB). The problem of the study was represented in the following main question: Does administrative innovation mediate the relationship between e-marketing and the quality of banking services in commercial banks operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Al-Rajhi, Al-Arabi, SABB)? The descriptive approach was used, the comprehensive inventory method was used, and a questionnaire was designed to collect data, the study model and its hypotheses were built based on the study literature. A number of 205 questionnaires were distributed, with the percentage of data valid for analysis reaching 100%. Also, the structural equation modeling (SEM) was relied upon, in which the Amos program was used, the Cronbach's alpha test for reliability was used, and the path analysis method was used to test the study's hypotheses. Also, the structural equation modeling (SEM) was relied upon, in which the Amos program was used, the Cronbach's alpha test for reliability was used, and the path analysis method was used to test the study's hypotheses. The study concluded that there is a partial mediation of administrative creativity in the relationship between e-marketing and the quality of banking services. The study recommended that commercial banks pay attention to administrative innovation and support workers to present new ideas and develop work spontaneously and easily. And the need for banks to provide banking services that satisfy customers.
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creator: Arafa Jibril Abu Nassib
creator: Mujahid Abdel-Qader Fadel ElSayed
creator: Mohamed Mukhtar Ibrahim Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-06-01
publication date: 2022-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i6.342

The role of contemporary cost accounting systems in planning and control A field study on the Ports Authority))
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description: The problem of the study is to show the role of contemporary cost accounting systems in planning and control - the Sea Ports Authority. Weakness and strength when applying modern cost accounting systems, and to achieve the objectives of the study, it followed the historical method, the deductive method, the inductive method, and finally the descriptive analytical method. One of the findings of the study is that traditional costing systems are unable to deal with the challenges of cost measurement and distribution in light of the development of information technology in the Ports Authority. The activity-based costing system provided more accurate information on service costs and control over them at the Ports Authority. The study recommended: It is necessary to work on accurate measurement of costs in accordance with contemporary cost accounting systems to help rationalize expenditures and optimize the use of resources in the Ports Authority.
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creator: Mohamed El-Tayeb Elias
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-06-01
publication date: 2022-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i6.338

the role of the Palestinian administrative judiciary in controlling the work of the President of state
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description: In this study, we dealt with the role of the Palestinian administrative judiciary in controlling the work of the President of the Palestinian Authority, by touching at its beginning to the constitutional system in Palestine and the powers of the President of the State of his relationship with the three authorities in the state, and then we talked about the legal rooting of the administrative courts and indicated that its powers defined by the law As for the second part of the study, it was about the president's actions that are subject to the oversight of the judiciary, where the distinction was made between governmental (sovereign) and administrative work, in addition to his powers in cases Sovereignty) or exceptional, as well as images of that censorship and its means, using the analytical approach through analyzing the various legal texts that dealt with the topic, and through the study we reached a set of results and recommendations, the most important of which are: The great control of the executive authority represented by the head of state in the judiciary in general and the administrative courts in particular, which lost the administrative judge his authority and independence in imposing comprehensive and effective control over the president's actions, which must be remedied by establishing radical amendments to both the Judicial Authority and Law Law Administrative courts in a way that limits the interventions of the executive authority in the work of the courts, appoint the judges and refer them to retirement.
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creator: Jawad Jamil Zaitoon
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-06-01
publication date: 2022-06-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v2i6.327

The possibility of employing the aesthetic foundations of Babylonian attire in modern fashion design.
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description: This study examines the structural aesthetics of women’s attire in the Babylonian civilization, considering it as a cognitive vessel that encapsulates the intellectual and cultural transformations of Mesopotamia. The research problem arises from the observation of a gap in the aesthetic investment of Babylonian heritage in contemporary fashion, despite the widespread interest in Babylonian dress. The study aims to analyze the formal elements (lines, colors, and cuneiform symbols) of Babylonian attire and explore how they can be reinterpreted in modern women’s fashion designs that align with contemporary trends while preserving national identity. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to trace aesthetic foundations, alongside presenting an applied vision that employs modern textile printing techniques to transform the “cylinder seal” and historical symbols into innovative decorative units. The temporal scope of the study covers the period (2020–2026), with a focus on the local market in Baghdad to ensure practical applicability. The study concludes that drawing inspiration from Babylonian heritage represents an effective tool for enhancing visual identity and countering cultural stereotyping in contemporary fashion design.
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creator: Sabah Ismail Abd Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1896

The European Model of Community Policing and Ways to Benefit from It
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description: This study examined the European model of community policing and aimed to identify the experiences of selected European countries in applying this concept, as well as to highlight ways to benefit from them. The study adopted both the historical and descriptive-analytical approaches, addressing the community policing model in Britain and its origins, as well as the Danish and French models, including their emergence and development. The study reached a number of findings, most notably that Britain is considered one of the leading countries in adopting the concept of community policing, as its philosophy is based on the idea that a police officer is, essentially, a citizen who cooperates with members of the community to address its problems. It also found that British police operate within a framework of significant legal responsibilities and act on the basis of a societal mandate, rather than solely to protect the government. The study concluded with several recommendations, most notably the need to benefit from European experiences in the field of community policing in order to develop this system in Sudan, while taking into account social dimensions when designing crime prevention plans, particularly those based on creating a suitable environment for cooperation and sustainability in the security process. It also recommended adopting what is known as “Houses of Justice and Rights,” due to their role in strengthening social ties, enhancing trust between formal and informal actors, and creating effective coordination between the community and the police in addressing social issues and preventing crime.
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creator: Aaimr Abdalrahman Osman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1893

International Blocs in a Multipolar Era (Dynamics of Security, Economy, and Politics)
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description: This research examines the phenomenon of international blocs in light of the transformations the global system is undergoing toward multipolarity, through analyzing their economic, political, and security dimensions, and exploring their role in reshaping the balance of international power. It aims to clarify the concept of international blocs and their patterns, with a focus on economic blocs as one of the most prominent features of the contemporary global economic system, as well as to study the motivations behind their emergence and their historical development from the post–World War II period to the present. The research also discusses the impact of international blocs on political and economic decision-making processes, their role in enhancing interdependence among states and achieving regional integration, in addition to highlighting the challenges these blocs face, particularly in light of developmental disparities among member states and global geopolitical tensions. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, supported by applied examples from major international blocs such as the European Union, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, as well as emerging blocs such as BRICS. The research concludes that international blocs represent a key instrument for managing international competition in the contemporary era and significantly contribute to reshaping the global order, especially amid the escalation of international crises and the growing trend toward reconfiguring economic and political alliances. It also emphasizes that the future of these blocs depends on their ability to adapt to global transformations and to achieve a balance between national and collective interests.
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creator: Nada Yahya Mohmed Adam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1891

https://benkjournal.com/benkj/en/article/view/1889
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title: Toward a Sustainable Energy Transition in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Role of Renewable Energy in Enhancing Economic, Environmental, and Social Dimensions: An Analytical Study According to the Triple Bottom Model
description: This study examines the role of renewable energy in achieving a sustainable energy transition in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period (2015–2023), based on the triple sustainability model (economic, environmental, and social). The study aims to evaluate the extent to which renewable energy contributes to supporting this transition through a quantitative and descriptive analysis based on time-series data and a composite index to measure performance across the three dimensions. The study highlights that the energy transition in the Kingdom has emerged as a response to global challenges, such as climate change and volatility in energy markets, as well as national orientations linked to Vision 2030, which aims to diversify energy sources and reduce dependence on oil. It also confirms that investment in renewable energy contributes to enhancing economic growth, attracting investments, and creating job opportunities, in addition to its role in reducing carbon emissions and improving environmental quality. The results show that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has achieved notable progress in this field, particularly in terms of expanding renewable energy projects and increasing production capacities; however, this progress remains at a stage of partial transition. The analysis also indicates that the economic and environmental dimensions are more advanced compared to the social dimension, which still requires further strengthening. The study recommends achieving greater integration among the three dimensions by developing policies, enhancing data and indicators, and supporting energy justice to ensure comprehensive and balanced sustainability.
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creator: Bader Mohammed Alharbi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1889

Abdulaziz Ahmed Al-Rasheed: His Life and Intellectual Role in the Arabian Gulf
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description: This study examines the emergence and development of historical writing in the Arabian Gulf region, with a focus on the Kuwaiti historian Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed (1887–1938) as one of the pioneers of local historiography in the twentieth century. It highlights his pioneering contribution through his book (History of Kuwait), considered the first comprehensive historical work documenting the country’s history from a national perspective, integrating political, social, and economic dimensions. The study also reviews his intellectual journey, characterized by a strong passion for travel and the pursuit of knowledge, as he spent a significant part of his life outside Kuwait, moving between major centers of learning in the Arab world, before contributing to the introduction of modern knowledge to his homeland. Furthermore, it underscores his reformist role in promoting modern education and his engagement in journalism through the publication of (Al-Kuwait magazine). The study also addresses his contributions to spreading religious and reformist thought in Indonesia, as well as his efforts to resolve conflicts within the Muslim community there, despite the challenges he faced, including assassination attempts. The study concludes that Al-Rasheed represents a model of the reformist intellectual who combined historiography, education, and intellectual activism, contributing to the formation of Kuwaiti national consciousness and the establishment of historical writing traditions in the Gulf region.
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creator: Malik Laft Mraidi Almaali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn Khaldoun Journal for Studies and Researches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
doi: 10.56989/benkj.v6i5.1888