The Impact of Economic and Social Factors on Fertility in Rural Communities: An Applied Study of Sheikan Locality, North Kordofan State – Sudan

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the economic and social factors affecting fertility rates in rural communities in Shikan locality, within the framework of understanding the structural interaction between these factors and their impact on reproductive behavior. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and used quantitative tools represented by a questionnaire, in addition to statistical analysis that included correlation coefficients and multiple regression. The results showed that the fertility level in the studied community is relatively high, with the average number of children per family reaching (6.8). The study also revealed a statistically significant inverse relationship between education level and income on the one hand, and fertility level on the other hand, while a direct relationship was found between early marriage and traditional social values and higher birth rates. The results of the regression model indicated that social factors, especially cultural values and education level, represent the most influential determinant of fertility compared to economic factors, which often operate indirectly by reinforcing the traditional social context. The study also confirmed that early marriage extends the reproductive period, leading to an increase in the number of children. The study concluded that fertility in rural communities in Shikan locality is not the result of a single factor, but rather the outcome of a complex interaction between economic, social, and cultural factors, which requires adopting integrated policies focusing on education, women’s empowerment, improving economic conditions, and enhancing awareness of reproductive health.